Frontiers Review Maps Challenges and Strategies for Oral Peptide Drug Delivery
A comprehensive review in Frontiers in Drug Delivery examines the barriers to oral peptide bioavailability — enzymatic degradation, poor membrane permeability, and first-pass metabolism — and maps emerging solutions including permeation enhancers, nanoparticle encapsulation, mucoadhesive systems, and microRNA-based approaches that are advancing toward clinical translation.