American Journal of Sports Medicine Review: "Injectable Peptide Therapy — A Primer for Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Physicians"
AJSM published a comprehensive review of injectable peptide therapy for orthopedic and sports medicine, surveying BPC-157, TB-4, TB-500, CJC-1295 + ipamorelin, tesamorelin, and GHK-Cu. The authors conclude that while preclinical evidence supports tendon and muscle repair benefits, human trials are minimal — the most-cited BPC-157 human data is a single 12-patient case series with significant methodological flaws. TB-500 and BPC-157 remain WADA-banned. The piece directly addresses surgeons being asked about peptides by patients in the wake of FDA Category 2 changes.