BARNARDS II Study at ESCMID: WHO First-Line Antibiotics Cover Only 1 in 4 Neonatal Sepsis Cases
Findings from the Oxford-led BARNARDS II study presented at ESCMID Global 2026 showed WHO-recommended ampicillin plus gentamicin first-line therapy is likely effective for only 1 in 4 neonatal sepsis infections in low- and middle-income countries. Data were collected across 13 tertiary neonatal units in Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Nigeria from February 2024 to October 2025, intensifying the case for AMR-driven peptide alternatives.