Novartis Halts Autoimmune CAR-T Trials of Rap-Cel (YTB323) After Three Deaths From Immune Effector Cell-Associated Hemophagocytic Syndrome; Bristol Myers Squibb Voluntarily Pauses Zola-Cel Programs
Novartis (NYSE: NVS) initiated clinical holds on all rap-cel (YTB323, an autologous CD19-directed CAR-T cell therapy) autoimmune trials on August 24, 2026 following three fatal cases of immune effector cell-associated hemophagocytic syndrome, a rare life-threatening inflammatory reaction. Affected trials cover lupus (systemic lupus erythematosus), myasthenia gravis, multiple sclerosis, systemic sclerosis, idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, and additional autoimmune indications. Bristol Myers Squibb (NYSE: BMY) voluntarily paused enrollment in its own zola-cel (zolacabtagene autoleucel, another autologous CD19 CAR-T) autoimmune trials after detecting transient and reversible inflammatory events during routine safety surveillance; BMS had halted the enrollment in June 2026 after cases of brain inflammation but did not publicly disclose the pause until three months later. Novartis and BMS were the leading commercial-scale CAR-T-in-autoimmune-disease players; the paired pauses are a substantial setback for the category, which had been the hottest cell-therapy expansion area of 2026 after Kyverna, Cabaletta Bio, and multiple academic centers reported dramatic clinical responses in refractory lupus and neurological autoimmune disease.